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China and Russia shaped US-Iran ceasefire framework

Who shaped talks?: China and Russia actively influenced the US-Iran ceasefire framework, coordinating closely with Tehran before the deal’s announcement.

What’s in it?: The MOU covers reopening the Strait of Hormuz, sanctions relief discussions, and nuclear negotiations during a 60‑day ceasefire.

Why it matters: Beijing and Moscow’s role signals a shift in Middle East diplomacy, potentially reducing US dominance in future Iran negotiations.

China and Russia’s active diplomatic role

Beijing and Moscow engaged in a series of high‑level meetings with Tehran in the lead‑up to the MOU, including trilateral sessions in Beijing and Moscow. China’s energy security concerns in the Persian Gulf and its ability to maintain ties with all sides gave it leverage to act as a bridge, while Russia sought to reinforce that US military pressure could not force regime change. Iran’s deputy foreign minister underscored the continuing strength of these partnerships after meeting both countries’ ambassadors in Tehran. ABC News Australia + 1

Russia and China have not been passive observers. They have actively shaped Iran's negotiating posture and materially supported Iran throughout the ongoing war.

Velina Tchakarova,Geopolitical strategist, FACE Intelligence

ABC News Australia

ABC News Australia

Key elements of the ceasefire framework

The MOU provides for an immediate halt to hostilities, reopening the Strait of Hormuz, phased sanctions relief, and a 60‑day negotiation period on nuclear issues. Iranian media circulated 14 points, including oil sales, frozen asset releases, and US troop drawdown, though Washington disputed some details. US officials confirmed certain provisions but tied them to Iran’s compliance on nuclear and regional commitments. ABC News Australia + 1

Point	Provision	Notes / Conditions
1	Permanent and immediate cessation of hostilities on all fronts, including Lebanon	Includes Iran and regional proxies; Israel not a party; temporary ceasefire in Lebanon ongoing
2	US commitment to non-interference in Iran's internal affairs	Acknowledges Iran's sovereignty; signed by former IRGC commander Qalibaf
3	Complete lifting of the naval blockade within 30 days	Combined with reopening of Strait of Hormuz; traffic normalization may take time
4	US commitment to withdraw forces from around Iran	Conditional on Iran’s compliance on nuclear program; current forces remain during negotiations
5	Reopening the Strait of Hormuz within 30 days with Iranian arrangements	No tolls; Iran and Oman to regulate; service costs possible; 60-day initial period
6	Suspension of sanctions on oil, petrochemical products, and derivatives	Immediate sales allowed; banking, transport, insurance services included; tied to compliance
7	US and allies to present reconstruction plans for Iran worth $300 billion	Likely funded by Gulf nations; private investment preferred; compensation for war damage
8	60 days of negotiations on nuclear issues, sanctions, UN and IAEA resolutions	Negotiations begin post-MOU signing; focus on nuclear program and sanctions relief
9	Iran reiterates NPT commitment not to produce nuclear weapons	US and IAEA to assist in destroying enriched stockpile; Iran’s enrichment capped
10	US will not increase forces or impose new sanctions during negotiations	Objective to draw down forces; conditional on Iran meeting commitments
11	Release of $24 billion in blocked Iranian funds during 60-day negotiations	Half released before negotiations; phased release tied to milestones
12	Establish monitoring mechanism to implement agreement	Includes nuclear inspections; other elements monitored as needed
13	Final agreement to be approved by UN Security Council resolution	Provides guarantee of US compliance; leverages prior negotiation experience
14	Final negotiations contingent on release of funds, lifting sanctions, and naval blockade	Focus on enriched materials, sanctions, and economic reconstruction; missile program and proxy support removed from agenda

ABC News Australia

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Strategic implications for future negotiations

Beijing and Moscow’s backing makes it less likely Tehran will abandon the process and positions them to influence any final nuclear verification system. Their involvement ensures the talks will be multipolar, potentially constraining Washington’s leverage and reshaping the region’s security framework beyond a US‑centric order. ABC News Australia + 1

Regional reactions and unresolved tensions

Markets reacted positively to news of the deal, but Israel has expressed concern it leaves core security issues unresolved, particularly Hezbollah’s activities in Lebanon. The agreement does not bind Israel, and continued strikes illustrate the fragility of the ceasefire. Israeli officials fear the 60‑day negotiation period could be extended, limiting military options while diplomacy plays out.