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Qian Xuesen

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This is a Chinese name; the family name is Qian (Tsien).

Qian Xuesen Tsien Hsue-shen
Born	11 December 1911 Hangzhou, Qing Empire
Died	31 October 2009 (aged 97) Beijing, People's Republic of China
Nationality	Chinese
Alma mater	National Chiao Tung University Massachusetts Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology
Known for	Co-founder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Founder of engineering cybernetics Father of Chinese space program Work on the Manhattan Project
Spouse(s)	Jiang Ying (m. 1947)
Children	Qian Yonggang Qian Yungjen
Awards	Distinguished Alumni Award from Caltech (1979)
Scientific career
Fields	Aerospace engineering Aeronautics Engineering cybernetics
Institutions	California Institute of Technology(professor) and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (co-founder) Massachusetts Institute of Technology(professor) Fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense, PRC (first director) Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (first director) Commission of Science and Technology for National Defense of the PLA (vice-director)
Thesis	Problems in motion of compressible fluids and reaction propulsion (1939)
Doctoral advisor	Theodore von Kármán
Doctoral students	Cheng Chemin
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	錢學森
Simplified Chinese	钱学森
Literal meaning	Qian (surname) learning-forest
showTranscriptions

Qian Xuesen, or Hsue-Shen Tsien (Chinese: 钱学森; 11 December 1911 – 31 October 2009), was a Chinese mathematician, cyberneticist, aerospace engineer, andphysicist who made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics and established engineering cybernetics. Recruited from MIT, he joined Theodore von Karman's group at Caltech.^[1] During WWII, he was involved in the Manhattan Project, which ultimately led to the successful development of the first atomic bomb in America.^[2][3] Later on, he would eventually return to China, where he would make important contributions to China's missile and space program.

During the Second Red Scare, in the 1950s, the US federal government accused him of communist sympathies. In 1950, despite protests by his colleagues, he was stripped of his security clearance.^[4] He decided to return to China, but he was detained at Terminal Island, near Los Angeles.^[5]

After spending five years under house arrest,^[6] he was released in 1955 in exchange for the repatriation of American pilots who had been captured during the Korean War. He left the United States in September 1955 on the American President Lines passenger liner SS President Cleveland, arriving in China via Hong Kong.^[7]

Upon his return, he helped lead the Chinese nuclear weapons program.^[8] This effort ultimately led to China's first successful atomic bomb test and hydrogen bomb test, making China the fifth nuclear weapons state, and achieving the fastest fission-to-fusion development in history. Additionally, Qian's work led to the development of theDongfeng ballistic missile and the Chinese space program. For his contributions, he became known as the "Father of Chinese Rocketry", nicknamed the "King of Rocketry".^[9][10] He is recognized as one of the founding fathers of Two Bombs, One Satellite.^[11]

In 1957, Qian was elected an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He served as a Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1987 to 1998.

He was the cousin of mechanical engineer Hsue-Chu Tsien, who was involved in the aerospace industries of China and the United States; his nephew is Roger Y. Tsien, the 2008 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.